Basic Types Of Artwork

Works of visual fine art can be broken down into basically three categories: representational art, abstract art, and conceptual (contemporary) art. While one can argue that there are others such as Pop Art, Surrealism, etc., every movement in art will fall under these three basic methods. 

Representational Art

This first type is fairly self-explanatory. Representational art, also known as figurative art, refers to artwork that seeks to depict subjects as they appear in the real world, illustrating physical items in a familiar and realistic way. This style contrasts with abstract art, which distorts or simplifies forms beyond their natural appearance. Representational art can range from photorealistic portrayals, still life, landscapes, or nature, to more stylized or idealized interpretations. The aim is to capture the essence or likeness of the subject, often with a focus on accurate depiction of light, texture, and form. Throughout history, representational art has been used to convey religious and cultural narrative, identity, or cultural significance, offering viewers a direct connection to the world around them.

Abstract Art

This type of art is probably the most difficult for many people to appreciate. Abstract art is all about stepping away from reality and exploring forms, colors, and textures that don’t depict physical reality in any way. Instead of painting a portrait or a landscape, abstract artists focus on emotions, ideas, or pure visual experimentation. Abstract art can be bold and geometric, with sharp lines and shapes, or it can be soft and fluid, with sweeping brushstrokes and organic forms. This type of art will often have a deeper meaning behind it, with the piece signifying an idea or virtue, like anger, chaos, or tranquility. Abstraction allows artists to express themselves and push boundaries, challenging traditional ideas of what art "should" be. It’s all about giving space for the viewer to see things from a fresh, open perspective.

Conceptual Art

Conceptual art is all about the idea behind the artwork, rather than the visual aesthetic or physical form. In this style, the concept or message takes center stage. Artists often use everyday objects to make a statement. The aesthetics, technique, and materials are of secondary consideration compared to the idea behind the piece. Prior to the actual construction of the work, planning and decision-making are incredibly important. Sometimes, conceptual artists challenge the very definition of art itself, asking viewers to consider what qualifies as art and why. The process of making the art can be as important as the final result, with many pieces inviting interaction or contemplation. In short, conceptual art turns the spotlight on creativity and meaning, encouraging a deeper engagement with the ideas being presented.

As I previously stated, these are the three basic types of art. Most aspiring artists start with representational art. Drawing is the most basic of methods and can be easily done with nothing more than a pencil and paper. For anyone first starting out, I highly recommend the book “Drawing On The Right Side Of The Brain” by Betty Edwards